1. Low profile 4-terminal non-rechargeable battery module (3.4V battery with diode and resistor) soldered to the motherboard. Part number 107157-001
2. Supporting components for the battery module: Diodes + resistors + transistor
3. MC146818 CMOS/RTC chip in IC socket U77
4. Supporting components for MC146818: Crystal + MC14069 chip + capacitors + resistors
The battery module powers the MC146818 when the computer is powered off.
DS1287 modules are no longer made. DS1287 modules, found on eBay and elsewhere, possibly contain a dead (or well depleted) battery. Note that per here, a DS12887 is not always a replacement for the DS1287.
See here for guidance on bypassing the low/dead battery in the DS1287 module.